Rule of Law or Rule by Law? A Quest for Political Security in China I Governo Legal ou por Força da Lei? A Demanda por Segurança Política na China

 

 

André R.Cunha 

Researcher at the Oriente Institute, ISCSP-ULisboa 


Abstract: 


Chinese new leadership under Xi Jinping came to power promising to pursue reform on China's judicial system, known in literature for its complexity and for the fact that it still is stranded in transition. While the new leadership was quick to support the prosecution of high-level corruption and crime, skeptics still dismiss Chinese courts as highly prone to interference and justice miscarriages due to the nature of the regime.
By applying a Political Security perspective, this paper anaylses the characteristics of China's judicial system, its merits and faults as well as its sources of interference and agents, all the while trying to show just how important the Rule of Law is for the security of both the individuals as well as for that within the State due to its capacity to safeguard political legitimacy in country seeking to balance institution-building with the autocratic nature of the regime. 

Key-words: China, Rule of Law, Political Security, Transition, Judicial Independence. 

 

Resumo: 

A nova liderança chinesa sob Xi Jinping chegou ao poder prometendo reformar o Sistema judicial Chinês, conhecido na literatura pela sua complexidade e pelo facto de estar ainda sujeito a um processo de transição. Apesar de a nova liderança ter rapidamente apoiado a investigação de crimes de corrupção ao mais alto nível pelos tribunais chineses, há cépticos que ainda encontram no sistema judicial Chinês falhas de subserviência face ao poder político e falta de rigor na prossecução do ideal da Justiça devido à própria natureza do regime. Ao aplicar uma perspectiva de Segurança Política ao problema, este artigo analisa as características do sistema judicial Chinês, os seus méritos e as suas falhas bem como as fontes de interferência e os seus ageentes, enquanto procura mostrar o quão imporante o Estado de Direito é para a Segurança quer dos indivíduos quer do Estdo devido à sua capacidade de salvaguardar legitimidade política num país que procura balançar o processo de construção de instituições modernas com a natureza autocrática do regime. 

Palavras-chave: China, Estado de Direito, Segurança Política, Independência judicial 

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